Unit+4



__CHAPTER 16: THE SEC__


 * Far West:** The far west was the area in which Native Americans resided on their own before White settlers moved in. It was the area west of the Mississippi River. Geographically, this area was diverse: mountains, deserts, and plains, different types of weather.
 * The Frontier:** A concept that people have in which they believe this place (imaginary) to be an area of opportunities and success. An idea of unsettled undeveloped area of opportunity, an empty land that awaited settlement, a place to acquire wealth, and individualism.


 * __The Development of the West through Chinese, Buffalo, Railroad__**

The buffalo was used by Native Americans in the west for different purposes. Their meat was used for food, their fur was made into shoes, clothes, and blankets. Their bones were used to create weapons, these weapons were used to fight; when white settlers tried taking over their land. As more people moved into the west, buffalo was the main sourceof food for many. And people in the easty demanded robes made from buffalo fur, which opened up a new trading system in the west. An economic system that had not been in the west opened up as white settlers used these animals for profit. Eventually, all the buffalos died out. As white population moved west, they killed off several buffalos 15million- 1000. Made it easier to conquer Indians. Native Americans food source was reduced.
 * Buffalo**

By the year 1880, more than 200 thousand Chinese immigrants were in America, and most settled in California. They provided a substantial workforce in the west. They worked on the Transcontinental Railroad project,and even mined. They created a new type of community in San Fransisco aka Chinatown. Diversified the west. The resentment they faced from Americans revealed American discrimination on people other than blacks. The immigration laws set upon them was one of the first actions the country had taken regarding immigrants. Major labor source, industrial, railroads, mining.
 * Chinese People**

Allowed the west to be connected with the east, where trading took place.
 * Railroads**


 * __CHAPTER 17: INDUSTRIAL SUPREMACY__**
 * Second industrial revolutions
 * major growth and development, America becomes the leading Industrial country in the world.
 * America starts making the most stuff; wealth grows exponential, extremely productive, inventions.
 * The birth of modern American capitalism.
 * 1875-1910 time period--fast, rapid growth in development in industry.
 * Predictions about the chapter**
 * The automobile and airplane are invented....new technological companies are made, more jobs are made
 * New scienctific innovations created that will improve idustrial workings, new production methods such as Asembly line...FORD
 * Research will lead to new innovations in the home...lightbulb. New inventors are introduced.
 * Old technologies such as the railroad are improved.
 * Corporate America changes as Capitalism changes.
 * Survival of the fittes...social darwinism resurfaces, beacuse wealth and prosperity increases.
 * Competition increases, because everyone tries to get in on the new corporate ways occuring.
 * As some people were making tons of money, workers suffered a lot and and Unions started occuring...benefits for working conditions.
 * Child Labor.
 * Corporation:** public not privately owned companies, stocks are shared.


 * __Henry Ford's Moving Assembly Line__**
 * Introduced in 1913 by Henry Ford, this production technique revolutionized the way in which factories produced and assenbled products.
 * Helped speed up production time and incresed productivity to reach the growing demands of automobile in America.
 * Ford's assembly line was 250 feet long, and each worker along the line was given a specific task in which they did it contineuosly as the cars made their way through the assembly line.
 * Workers stayed in place when they worked, so this enabled them to save more time as parts were added to the car as it moved the convoyer belt.
 * With demands rising, a means of mass production was needed and the assembly line made it possible. This caused prices of Ford models to decrease, and also allowed Ford to increase workers wages because working hours were cut back.
 * New technological advancements made it possible for the assembly line to be created. The invention of steam powered conveyor lifts was necessary in car assembly lines.
 * This method was soo effecient that cars were produced during a three minuted time span.
 * Thr rate of injury decreased because workers did not have to roam around the factory during working hours.
 * Other industries in America adopted Ford's assembly line model.
 * Andrew Carneige**
 * 1) Went from rags to riches, came from Scotland very poor, but he made it.
 * 2) Moved from bottom to top. "Go getta" !!!! Self made richness.

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 * __Horatio Alger__**
 * Presented stories about people, who through help, rose up and became something in society.
 * His novels presented ideas of social mobility, in a respectable way.
 * Idea of the self made man- rags to riches. Work hard and become someone.
 * Impacted Society because young men who read these novels were given hope to take risks and go into business. Push themselves to become someone to the best of their ability.
 * __Louisa May Alcot__**
 * Her novels were inspirational to women, because it encouraged women to become an impact in society.
 * Told women to take advantage of opportunitites, even though they were still limited. ]
 * Believed women could have intellectual growth,pushed women to make the most of themselves.
 * She was an active Suffragees. Wrote the book "Little Women"

__**CHAPTER 18 QUESTIONS**__ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
 * In urban areas, congestion becomes an issue.
 * With congestion, filth becomes a common problem and people tend to live too closely together in slum areas(especially blacks and immigrants).
 * With people living closely together in filth, dieseases are easily transmitted from one person to another.
 * With an increase in population, demand rises. And in most situations, production is unable to keep up with demand, and markets have to figure out new ways to run.
 * The government is forced to find new ways to solve fighting from public unrest, stopping crime, and curing diseases, and this cost a lot.
 * Urbanized areas are great places for great experiences, such as art, music, theater, and sports.
 * Urbanization allows for publib improvemt that makes the city look good; public parks, libraries.
 * Urbanized cities become areas thar provide great education and introduction to arts.
 * Commerce increases in urban areas, which creates jobs for many, and people have greater opportunities to do advance and improve standard of living.
 * Urbanization brings races, and different ethnic groups together. Different types of popular culture are created.
 * Department stores and other shopping facilities are evident of urbanized cities.
 * Consumer culture: Also known as a market culture, where the people of a certian place engage in buying different manufactured goods, because they had the wealth and porsperity to do so. People had greater desire to buy goods in the economy. Products were not scarce.
 * Leisure culture: People spent more time away from work, unlike previous time. Working hours declined in several work places. People distinguished work time and leisure time more distinctly, they had more personal time, therfore they could enagage in various leisure activities.
 * During the "Age if the City," more Americans had more leisure time, because working hours were shorter, and people had more time away from work, so they could do morethings.
 * Americans engaged in spectator sports such as major league baseball, football, and boxing. People's interest to participate in these activities increased because people wanted to have public leisure. Leisure time became part of people's everyday life, because they didnt work as much, and the economy gave them enough money to do more things.
 * Americans looked for new experiences to enjoy leidure time. Amusement parks became a place where many people met, they went to concert halls. They enjoyed being in larger crowds.
 * The consumer culure changed because Americans had more money to spend and maufactured goods decreased in price, but increased in availability because of the booming economy. People found shopping anf buying things more fun; mail-order catalogs, chain stores, and department stores made buying easier for Americans.
 * Poular culture describes the common culture that most Americans engaged in during the 19th century. Common interest of the people. Majority of people who took part in the popular culture were working/middle class Americans.
 * Aspects of popular culture included: going to sport games such as baseball, football and boxing, spending time at public parks, going to theathers and music concerts. The saloons were also part of the popular culture, were most working class people spent hours chatting with friends. Dime novels were also part of the popular culture.
 * high culture was the culture that affluent and wealthy Americans took part in. Elites of the 19th century developed a cultural and intellectual lifestyle that varied from the popular culture most Americans particpated in in urban areas. New literary writes such as Mark Twain came about with novels that developed new and interesting topics. High culture included arts; sophisticated ones. New artists in the 19th century started an artistic movement. Education increased, as children of affluent people went to primary and secondary schools, and college. Colleges for women were created, and women communities were created.
 * There was a spread of Public education in primary and secondary schooling levels.
 * The appearance of colleges and universities increased in the 19th century.
 * The Morrill Land Grant Act provided land for states to be able to build universities.
 * More business and affluent people donated money for the up bringing of universities.
 * Public schools were more prone to accepting women into their schools.
 * Private Universities such as Cornell started accepting women and men after the Civil War.
 * College opportunities for women allowed women to have their own unique community, higher education gave them better chances of being liberated.
 * In the presence of industrialization, there is an increase in manufacturing and trade.
 * To be able to carry out such things as maufacturing, places of production, places for exchange and banks.
 * To keep up with these activities, means of communications and transportation are vital, so developments such as rail roads, public transits, news papers, and telegraphs are created.
 * Industrialization creates multiple jobs in factories, and other places
 * People are away of these jobs, and with means of transportation to the cities, more people begin moving in, searching for jobs and opportunities.
 * The population starts increasing and growing, then the area urbanizes and isn't rural any more.


 * __Imperialism__**




 * Definition:**
 * Imperialism is about industrialized countries dominating pre-industrial/underdeveloped countries. Complete take over of territory, territorial expansion.
 * Developed countries are able to take over because they are industrialized, they have a better military, and technologically advance.
 * Economic influence. Selling, buying, trading.
 * Political influence. Spread democracy.
 * Cultural influence; make other nations conform to American ways.
 * Empire building
 * Terriorial expansion
 * Motivation**
 * Search for resources; raw materials
 * Economic expanision; looking for new places to trade. Take over foreign trade, find new markets for products.
 * Desire to spread their own religion; Christianity
 * To explore new areas.
 * Examples**
 * Hawaii
 * Puertorico
 * Samoa
 * Cuba
 * Philippines
 * Alaska

__**WHAT WHERE WHEN WHO OF SPANISH AMERICAN WAR**__
 * What............**
 * Conflict between Spain and America.
 * Cubans wanted to revolt against Spanish rule.
 * US defeats Spanish in May 1898 at Manila Bay in Phillipines Islands
 * When/ When.....**
 * Febuary 15, 1898
 * Fought in two places: Caribbean and South Pacific
 * Why.............**
 * Destruction of USS Maine
 * Sensational stories from Yellow Journalism filled with imperialist views. The "de lome" letter.
 * Americans hated the cruel tactics Spanish used to suppress Cubans from revolting
 * cuban rebels destroy american sugar plantation, so americans would het in
 * Americans hated the cruel tactics Spanish used to suppress Cubans from revolting
 * cuban rebels destroy american sugar plantation, so americans would het in


 * __WHAT IS YOUR THESIS OF UNITED STATES HISTORY, 1781 TO 1915__**
 * me**>Between the time period of 1781 to 1915, America was characterized by industrial advancement and expansion in foreign affairs.
 * Vanesha's thesis**> Between 1781 and 1915 the us struggled to take on the position of a leading world power; this was seen in america's political strife, economic growth, and foreign involvment during this period.
 * group thesis**> Between 1781 and 1915 the us went through a constant state of change and progression as they struggled to take on the position of a leading world power; this was seen in america's political instability, economic growth, and foreign involvment during this period.
 * Imperialism...foreign involvment
 * agricultural to industrialization/urbanization....economic growth
 * amending the constitution/debate over constitution interpretation....political instability
 * debate over slavery....political instability


 * __THEMES__**


 * Religion**
 * The people who came to America came for religious purposes at first.
 * The Pilgrims, the Puritans and Indians all had their own form of religious practices.
 * Some states and areas were built on religion.
 * There's religion in the pledege of Alligence
 * The slaves had their own form of religion
 * Culture**
 * America has a very diverse culture
 * Many immigrants came to America from different countries with different religions.
 * Chinese people> China town, chinese food and restaurants
 * Irish people---> Catholics, and potatoes
 * Native Americans have their own culture, that some Europeans borrowed
 * African Americans from Africa practiced their culture that they practiced in Africa in America