Unit+7

__Choices for foreing policy__ __Diplomatic economic decisions made by FDR__ __Conclusions and predictions__ __**Chapter 27 Questions**__ 2). After declaring neutrality beginnign in 1935, America slowly engaged in WW2 through the steps of signing the Atlantic Charter, concern over the German invasion of the USSR, and the Lend-Lease program. The final tipping point was the bombing of Pearle Harborby the Japanese in December 1941 1). Before being bombed on Pearle Harbor, America was indirectly involved in WW2 without Congress official declaring war. America's foreign policy was neutrality, though it was supplying the Allied powers with money and war supplies thoughtout the late 1930s. 3). During the interwar years America transitioned from practicing isolationism to limited internationalism through supplyig the Allied powers with was supplies and intervening in Japanese expanisonism, which provoked the attack on Pearle Harbor. 4). Putting the world on another path toward war, Germany, Italy, and Japan formed an alliance through the Tripartite in which they aimed to forcefully expand their influence and power through dictatorship and aggression in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
 * __Chapter 27: The Global Crisis 1921-1941__**
 * stay isolated and focus on domestic issues
 * Be imperialist; try to extend your influence.
 * Internationalism; involvement with other countries
 * In the 1930s America was practicing isolationalism; the neutrality act.
 * In late 1930s America starts practicing internationalism
 * Triled making foreign trade easier
 * Ignored the debts other countries owed the United States
 * FDR tries to shift the public's opinion on the war with Germany and Poland.
 * Several countries in Europe start falling because of Germany.
 * FDR gets voted again as the President and he goes on to his third term; maybe he will have new diplomatic ideas than he previously did.
 * Japan attacks America at Pearle Harbor which causes America to no longer become isolationist
 * Germany continues to invade and attack other European nations; this will cause America to finally get involved in the conflict...leading to WW2


 * __Chapter 28 blue heading main points__**
 * Containing the Japanese: America would find new ways to attack Japan, as Japan contineous to extend its power and forces. American would decide to attack Japan from both sides.
 * Holding off the Germans: Germany would continue and increase its power in the war in Europe and even Africa, but the United States would find new ways to stop them in different battles.
 * America and thr Holocaoust: The American government will choose to limit their influence and involvement in the treatment of the Jews in Germany, because they want to concentrate on winning the war, which could be the Jews way of getting out of their misery.
 * Prosperity: Because of the war, those back in America will experience new economic growth, because new war jobs would be created, allowing people to have more money to spend.
 * The war and the west: The west had been less industrialized than the north for most of the American history. However, because America was now fightign a war in the pacific, it would require that industries develop in the west, making it more industrialized than ever before.
 * Labor and the war: Labor unions woudl benefit from the war. Union membership increased a lot more than previous times. Because union memebers would be happy, there will be less strikes and commotions.
 * Stabilizing the boom: The Ofiice of Administration will make sure that prices do not rise too high, even though so many people could afford these things. Agricultual prices would be kept in check so that inflation will not become a problem.
 * Wartime science and technology: America would spend more money on increasing the research for new techonologies that would improve their possiblity of winning the war. New aircrafts will be discovered. Radar and sonar will also be discovered as a result
 * African Americans and the War: New African American groups will be created to fight for better job opportunities for black people. The fight for equality would become more intensified durign this time.
 * Women and children in the war: Women had a very significant part in this war. Women in the work place were still not treated as equals. Several women worked for the government in servicing areas and not in the factories. As more women worked, there was less time for them to take care of their children.
 * The internment of Japanese Americans: Because of Pearle Harbor, the American society and government would become threthened by the presense of Japanese people in America. And will try to segregate them, and they will face several discriminations, even though they have nothing to do with the attack.
 * Chinese Americans and the war: The position of Chinese people in American will be improved because of the fixed relationship with China. The Chinese Exclusion Act will be taken back.


 * __Chapter 28 Top Ten__**
 * 1) Strategic bombing
 * 2) September 2, 1945
 * 3) Battle of the Bulge
 * 4) Radar and Sonar
 * 5) Battle of Leyte Gulf
 * 6) Okinawa
 * 7) D-day
 * 8) The Trinity Bomb
 * 9) Enrico Fermi
 * 10) Hiroshima and Nagasaki

__**Ch. 29 the cold war begins**__
 * origins**
 * competition for world power after WW2
 * competting ideas that were very different from one another (US=democratic & capitalists; USSR=dictatorship & communism)
 * The atomic bomb; Stalin was vexed that the US knew about the atomic bomb, but didnt tell him.
 * The future of Poland Germany and other countries after WW2
 * Russia became communist after the Russian revolution, and Russia dropping out of WW1, they became a communist country, and the US didnt like that cause they did not help fight the war. 1917 Bolshevik Revolution
 * Millions of Russians were dying in WW1, and they promised PEACE LAND AND BREAD.
 * Democracy:** A form of government in which there is an economic, social, and political equality. Majority rules. US practices constitutional democracy, representative democracy.
 * Capitalism:** An economic system where, every businessness man's aim is to maximize profits. US practices a mixed-economy/mixed-capitalism. there is government intrventions. Taxes rules and regulations.
 * Dictatorship:** A form of government where the entire population is ran by one power head, and every decision is made based on the likeness of that person a lone. No political equality. Majority does not rule. Opposition was not allowed, and the ones in power; Communist Party, controlled every aspect of the government. Complete supremacy.
 * Communism:** An economic system in which there is a common ownership of production; where the government owns every part of the economy. No individual has ownership of a particular aspect of the economy, there is no competition, and regardless of how hard you work, the profits are equally divided. There's no progressing. Wide range use of propaganda, to suede the people into believing in a certain way. Stalin organized secret policies and spies in several communist countries and others such as the US, to make sure that those proclaimed capitalists would remain loyal to the communisim regime.


 * __Where Historian disagree pg 784__**
 * During the 1940s and 1950s there were several challenges to people's freedom of speeach and association as many Americans were afraid of communism and its influence and also as the McCarthism fervor rose.
 * Some historians believe that the Red Scare and its tactics actually expressed the real fears and dangers about communism that developed or was in America.
 * Some believed that the ways and actions of those involved in Anticommunism was a way of being patriotic even though there were sketchy actions involved.
 * Some historians beleieved that anticommnuism caused Americans to become alienated and did not have a real connection with the political world, it was just a way of them expressign their fear.
 * Some said the actions of anticomminism distorted the public lives of Americans
 * Some say that the Democrats used anticommunism tactics as a way to protect themsleves from being attacked by the Republican party.
 * McCarthyism: the persecution of communist; the Red Scare-> Fear of communism, Americans afraid that there may be a spread of communism
 * The House UnAmerican Commitee...who's unAmerican and lets get them out of mainstream society
 * People just love to be afraid, it gives them something to do
 * Republicans use Red Scare as a political tool



On March 22 1947 President Truman established an executive order for a royalty test to be done on all federal and government workers.
 * __The Cold War at Home__**

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 * __Chapter 30 Opening page__**
 * America became an affluent society in the 1950s as a result of an increased national prosperity, the social lives of Americans changed as well as their economic lives. Americans began looking at their lives through a different lens because their lives were going through so much prosperity.
 * The public began voting for Eisenhower, and several of them changed parties for him. The political environment was controlled by the prosperity many were going through during this time and also the fear/anxiety many Americans were going through as a result of the communist scare. The person Americans gave their vote to was reflective of who they believed would be able to lead them better in times of tribulation and or war.
 * Despite the affluence that the countey was experiencing, there were still several cases of inequality towards minority groups such as blacks, Asians, gays, Indians, and Lesbians. They faced social, political, and economic inequality. This inequality could have been a result of the fear that took over American during the Cold War and WWII, people were scared of anything that wasnt of the norm, therefore, the only way to hinder their influence was to stop them from gaining an power in all aspects of the American society.
 * Several culural changes occured, as young people began going against traditional ways, blacks started advocatig for social equality, women began defying their normal roles (even in the work force). The American culture scene was not stable, and the 1950s would bring about several social and culturalc hanges that still shapes America today.
 * Domestic**
 * Gagarin beign sent to space encouraged America to send Alan Shepard, the first American in space in 1961
 * In 1957 the civil rights act was passed. Sets the opening scene for the civil rights movement in the 1960s, including the Little Rock school segregation crisis in Alabama that same year.
 * International**
 * In 1961 a Soviet astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, becomes the first man in space. Shows that the Soviets were gettign ahead in the space race,and the United States had some catchign up to do.


 * __EISENHOWER VIDEO__**


 * The government and presidency sought after him
 * He was a general during the war in world war 2
 * He sought after peace, and his presidency focused on him tryign to avoid nuclear war with Soviet Union
 * He supported the Pro-American government in South Korea
 * He suffered heart attack in 1954
 * During his presidency, the segragation in public places was ruled un constitutional, but he felt the country wasnt ready for civil rights movement
 * The Soviets sent out the Sputnik into space
 * president when cuba becomes communism